目的 Box-Behnken响应面法辅以指纹图谱优化瓜蒌子油超声提取工艺。方法 在单因素试验的基础上,对瓜蒌子油提取率、亚麻酸及亚油酸含量进行数据标准化处理计算综合评分,以瓜蒌子油提取率、综合评分为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken设计对瓜蒌子油超声提取工艺中的超声时间、超声温度、料液比3因素的最优化组合进行研究,建立并分析各因素与瓜蒌子油提取率及综合评分的数学模型,并采用瓜蒌子油提取率和指纹图谱相似度进行验证。结果 瓜蒌子油超声提取的最佳工艺条件:超声时间30 min、超声温度50 ℃和料液比1∶12 g·mL^-1。经试验验证,在此条件下,瓜蒌子油提取率为45.9%,与理论计算值45.85%基本一致;瓜蒌子油与瓜蒌子油对照品共有峰匹配图谱相似度为0.98。结论 Box-Behnken响应面法辅以指纹图谱优化瓜蒌子油提取工艺的方法简便、可靠,该方法适用于从提取率及有效成分含量上同时综合优化瓜蒌子油的超声提取工艺。

OBJECTIVE To optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of Trichosanthes semen oil by using Box-Behnken response surface method supplementing with fingerprints. METHODS The extraction rate of Trichosanthes semen oil, linolenic acid and linoleic acid contents were standardized to calculate the comprehensive score on the basis of single factor experiment. The optimal combination of ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature and solid-liquid ratio in the ultrasonic extraction process of Trichosanthes semen oil was studied by using Box-Behnken design method with taking the extraction rate of Trichosanthes semen oil and the comprehensive score as evaluation indexes. The mathematical model of each factor and extraction rate of Trichosanthes semen oil and the mathematical model of each factor and comprehensive score were established and analyzed. The extraction rate of Trichosanthes semen oil and the fingerprints similarity were used for verification. RESULTS The optimal technological conditions for ultrasonic extraction of Trichosanthes semen oil were as follows: ultrasonic time was 30 min, ultrasonic temperature was 50 ℃ and solid-liquid ratio was 1∶12 g·mL^-1. The results showed that under these conditions, the extraction rate of Trichosanthes semen oil was 45.9%, which was basically consistent with the theoretical calculation value of 45.85%; the similarity of common peak matching pattern between Trichosanthes semen oil and Trichosanthes semen oil reference substance was 0.98. CONCLUSION The Box-Behnken response surface method supplemented with fingerprints is a simple and reliable method for optimizing the extraction process of Trichosanthes semen oil. This method is suitable for comprehensively optimizing the extraction process of Trichosanthes semen oil in terms of extraction rate and active ingredient content.